Art of flying and method of operating flying-machines.



L. H. NASH.

ART OF FLYING AND METHOD OF OPERATING FLYING MACHINES.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. Zl. 1910..

Patented Feb. 11, 1919.

5 SHEETS-SHEET I 5 W00 wfoz QR) i Mm 000 a L. H. NASH. ART OF FLYING AND METHOD OF OPERATING FLYING MACHINES APPLICATION FILED NOV. 21. 1910.

Patented Feb. 11, 1919.

5 SHEETSSHEET 2.

mum! 65 fl 7/ l/lll L. H. NASH.

ART OF FLYING AND METHOD OF OPERATING FLYING MACHINES.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. ZI, I910.

Patented Feb. 11, 1919.

IILLLI" Witwe-ooeo:

L. H. NASH.

ART 0F FLY|NG AND METHOD OF OPERATING FLYING MACHINES. APPLlCATlON FILED NOV. 21,1910.

1,294,361,, 1 Patented. Feb. 11, 1919.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

L. H. NASH.

ART OF FLYING AND METHOD OF OPERATING FLYING MACHINES. APPLICATION FILED NOV. 2!,1910.

1,294,361. Patented Feb.11,1919.

5, SHEETS-SHEET 5.-

- nnirnn STATES PATENT onnicn.

. LEWIS HALLOCK NASH, or, SOUTH NoRwALgK; connncmcur.

Ant or name AND MET OD or OPERATING rnnne-macnmnsf i aeasei. j

' To all whom it may concern; r

which said methods of Be i" known that I LEWIS HALnocKN sH, a citizen of the United'States, and a resldent of South Norwalk, county of Fairfield, State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful'lmprovements in the Art of Flying and Methods of Operating Flying- Machines, of which the following is a specification. j

My 'nvention relates to air navigation and consists in certain improvements in .the art of flying and methodof operating flying machines; and also in'certain mechanism by operation can be secured. v I do-not limit my form of mechanism shown, since many modifications may befmade in said mechanism without departing from'the spirit and scope of my improvements.

In the claims I wlll carefully point out the special features 'ofnovelty that constitute my invention. I

The art of flying consists in securing a buoyant resistance from the air by the use of wings or plane surfaces, which resistance shall equal the weight of the body supported, and in giving said body a motion of translation. .The buoyant resistance is due to the velocity imparted to the air by the suspending member, and this resistance is determined by the square of the veloclty impartedto the air multiplied by the quantity of airafl 'ected. The area of the -sur-.

face inaction does not of necessity determine the quantity of air afi'ected; the im portant question is, how the surface acts;

that is to say, that surface is most effective which will impart a given velocity to the greatest quantity of air..

Since the power required to the resistance multiplied 'by'the velocity, it follows that the greater the quantity of air that can be affected, the less-will be the power required "to sustainth'ebody. It is for this reason that a. flying machine requires less power to sustain it when in rapid motion, since a greater quantity of air is passed over'when the machine 1n motion, and the spread of the bearin surface multiplied lo'y thedistance .trave ed in a given.

time, represents the area of the surface of air afiected, and this multiplied by 'the' velocity imparted to the air gives the quantity of air affected.

- dimensions. cons sts 1n a means for. securing a great effect from a small invention to the exact Y 11 showing the thrust bearing.

is proportional Specification of Letters Patent. Patented llfeb. 11, 1919.

Application filed lq'ovember 21, 1910. Serial No. 593,456. I

The size and weight of an aeroplane of l fixed surface increases rapidly with enlarged One feature of my invention surface acting at high velocity. l

I will now describe'one-form of mechanism by which the above result is effected, which I have called my revolving aeroplane.

Figure 1 shows an external view of an air ship having rotary aeroplanes.

Fig. 2 shows a similar view of an air ship having more than one set of rotary aeroplanes. Fig. 3 is a detail showing the feathering device of the wings taken on the broken line Fig. 4 shows a longitudinal section of the same. F 1g. 5 1s a sectionfof one of'the swivels shown in Fig. 3. i

Fig. 6 is a section of the swivel 4:, 4, of F'ig.4..-' ff Fig. 7 is a section of one of the blades on the line 8, 8, of Fig. 8. Y 1 Fig. 8 is a plan of one of the blades. Fig. 9 is a plan of the revolving aeroplanes. v I i 5 Fig. 10 is an end viewof the steering rudder. Fig. 11 is a longitudinal section through the shaft motor and thrust bearing.

Fig..12 is a view looking upward in Fig. i

Fig. 1 3 is a detail of the adjusting mechanism of the shaft. Fig. 14 is a view at right angles to Fig. 13.

Fig. 15 is a detail swivel. V

. Fig. 16 is a plan of a roller bearing with helical bearings. e

Fig. 17 is a side view of the same.

of a modified form of Fig. 18 is a longitudlnal view of the gov-f ernor device.

- F'g. 19 is a diagrammatic view of the car and power plant.

Referring to the drawings Figs. 7 and 8 show a plane surface,-21, Y

made preferably of metal and of a' desig nated weight. Two of-these blades are connected on opposite sides of a' revolving shaft (Fig. 9) by tie rods, 23, 23, and these rods.

are connected to a feathering device, so that the pitch of the blades can be adjusted. The details of this feathering devi'ce'will be particularly described hereafter. The tie rods, 23, 23, are designed so'as to have only blades when they are not revolving, and tensile strength of the rods is relied upon to support the structure, which operates as follows I Suppose the blades to be revolving at a high velocity with no pitch. They will thus traverse a flat circular plane surface of a diameter equal to the length of the blades and tie rods, and these rapidly moving planes will effect the whole surface described by them in a manner similar to that ofa non revolving plane of equal size. I I The flatness of the plane will be maintained by the centrifugal force in the revolving body, and may be as great as the strength of the tie rods will permit. i

If, now, an upward pressure be caused to act on said structure, the planes will lift and describe a conical surface, in which position the tension rods will pull at an angle to each other and thus produce a lifting effeet on the revolving shaft which will be equal tothe tension in the rods multiplied by the sine of the angle of inclination. It willthus be seen that by the use of a simple system of tie rods and blades revolving at high velocity, I am able to roduce an aeroplane structure of great stiffness and small weight and great effective surface; and this revolving aeroplane may be made to'glide and operate in a similar manner to an aeroplane of fixed structure. I

When the motive power of the engine is shut, 0d the device descends through the air and the pressure of the air on the under faces of the blades rotates the aeroplanes and the pitch of the blades is such as to make the aeroplanes rotate at high velocity. As

explained hereafter, the pitch of the blades may be controlled by an automatic governor so that sufficient speed of rotation may be maintained to hold the blades out by cenresistance to the descent of the machine so that the operator may glide-in" a gradual descent.

If, on the other hand, the blades be given a pitch upward and they are driven by a motor of sufficient power, the aeroplane will lift as well as glide, and the whole quantity of air acted upon will'equal the surface described by the diameter of the blades enough stiffness to hold the weight of the trifugal force, thus forming the necessary clination of multiplied by the space traveled and multi-' plied by the velocityiiinpartedby the revolving blades. .While T may use a separate motor and propeller to drive my revolving aeroplane in the same, manner' as a fixed aeroplane isdriven, T preferto cause the revolving aeroplane to. act as a propeller,

I preferto use the aeroplanes in pairs rev,olving in opposite directions andto drive them by a motor attached to both revolving I meager parts, as will be morefullydescribed. On

larger airships I may use a number of re- I volv ng aeroplanes, as may be desired. Fig.

2 shows a device havin two such revolving aeroplanes, and it wil be readily understood that any number can be used if desired. The devices may be propelled in series or in parallel, as desired.

Balance and I control.

change as the air-pressures vary. Eddies will bring unequal pressures on different portions of the surface, and velocities of translation will also affect it to some extent.

When thecenter of gravity of\ the-car is directly below the center of efiort of the aeroplane, the device will be stable. If, hoWever,-the axis of rotation of the blades be inclined the car will be pulled in the direction of the inclination of the shaft.

By moving the center of gravity of the car in relation to the axis of the shaft, a point may be found wherein the axis of the shaft may be vertical and the center of gravity of the car will be directly under the center of effort, and there will be no tendency of the car to move. This effect is utilized to accomplish two purposes; first, to propel irlpa given direction, and second, to steer the s 1p. v

In order to propel the device itis only necessary to give the axis of the aeroplane an inclination forward in the direction of the desired motion. The speed of motioni am now considering theefiect of such iiicllnation.

it Will thus be ship can be controlled by controlling the in tion. Steering.

the shaft in the forward direc- In order to traversein a striaight line-the i:

center of effort must be in the vertical, plane through the center of gravity of the car and I I thereto; that is to say, if the center lineof i the center line of rotation mustbe parallel efi'ortpulls'sidewise, the car will move toward that side, and the act of steering con sists in shifting this. line to produce the pull in the desired directiioir' This is accomvolving plane is always changing by reason given, the steersman must shift the'r elation 110 seen that the speed of the plished by shifting the center of gravity of of these elements to'meet required conditions.

ordinary forms of air rudders in the usual manner. 7

I will now describe one form of'mecha nism adapted .to carry into effect my im l proved method of flying; it being-under; stood that I do not confine my invention to the exact form of structure shown,-as many modifications may be made whichoperate essentially in the same manner. j f

Feathem'ng device.

Referring to Figs. 3 and sf-Fig.3 isa' cross-section on the line 3, 3, of Fig. 4. The

' end of the shaft 25,- has formed thereon 7 tion.

cross-bars 26,?26, upon which are mounted swivels with frictionless bearings. These swivels have cross 'bars 28 connected by thrust bars, 29, to cross-rods on which are mounted ball bearings, 27. The pins, 30, serve to connect rods 36 to the moving mechanism, so as to rotate the swivels. The tierods 23, are firmly secured tothese swivels at one end and said "rods are secured to the blades 21. When subjected to centrifugal force the blades will hang in line with the point of support at the swivels and by rotating the swivels, the blades will take up acorresponding position. 1 The shaft, .25, is.

hollow and has a rod 33 passing through it, and a key, 34, connects said rod with a block, 31, which slides on the outside of theshaft, 25, so that by moving. the rod, 33, up and .down the block 31' will have'the same mo- The block 31, carries a collar, 35,

which is mounted on a ball hearing so as to revolve freely. Lugs are provided on the block, 31, to receive the rods 36 which con 7 nect it with the swivel pins 30 of the'swivels.

The collar,*35,"also has tie-rods 36, which connect with swivels of'a secondaeroplane, 22, which is constructed .in the same manner,

as the one just described, and which is mounted on a hollow shaft, 38, and driven in a similar manner. This shaft, 38, is secured to the frame of an electric motor, 40, while the shaft, 25, is secured to the armature.

The whole mechanism is suspended ina bearing device shown in 11 and 12.

A ring block, 11, is provided with thrust bearings, 42, 43, which operate with collars on the shafts 25 and 38, and which take the upward lift of the said shafts. A nut, 44, looks the whole in place; the said nut is provided with ascrew thread and the outer portion of a roller bearing, 45, fits in said steersman. The ring, 41, is mounted on the" ro'ds, 47', as willj'be presently described.

" 'While; I havesh'own an electric motoras of motor, as agas engine or a turbine en" power, But I will nowdes'cribe one form of 'screw thread. The inner portion of said bearing-is securely mounted on the rod, 33, so

that while the rod, 33, is free. to revolve, it

will travel up or down as the nut-45 goes up or "down. Hence, by turning the nut, 45,

"up-or down, the vrod 33 will be moved and impart its motion to the blades 21 and 22, tocontrol their position and pitch. The nut, 45, is operatedby-a rod, 46, by the the driving force I may 'u'sejany other form gine, 'as the otherfeatures of my invention maybe utilizedfwith any" form of motive power. I .7 I

a Power-plant.

, Many of the principal features of my invention can be utilized w'ith'any available sourceofmotive power, asla gas engine or,

a turbine engine, and I dofv not confine my invention to any particular form of motive power mechanism. g

' I prefer to place the, motor above the car and tomount the armature on the inner,

shaft, 25, and to mount the ring or field, on the outer shaft, 38. The whole motor is 7 then mounted in bearings already described in Figs. 11 and 12, so that both the armature and the fields may rotate freely.- By' this means, both parts with their attached revolvin-gplanes are free to revolve with little resistance, even when there is no electric current passing through the motor, by 'presure of air on the, planes, as will be more fully described hereafter. "The current for driving this motor may be obtained from generator driven by. a separate engine car ried in the car, or by a battery or any other available source. These latter sources I have called the primary rnotors, and the ones mounted on the shafts are called the-'sec- .ondary motors. In the operation of the de-' vice I may control the amount of curren v that is given to'the secondary motor by regulating-its source in the; primary motor,

and this is the method of operation I prefer to-use inconnectionwith revolving aeroplanes controlled. by' a governor. But since the maintenance of the power plantis a vital feature of a flying machine, I providemeans for controlling each part "by hand, if 120.

an emergency arises. For-the same reason, I I also provide a. number ofpr'imary sources of power which may be-usedj separately or jointly, as desired, and iii-any combination,

One advantage in the method of mounting the ,motor so that both ar-mature and field ring revolve .in" opposite directions is that since the relative speedof' the parts is nearly double that of either part, the weight of the motor for a given power is reduced inthe same proportion. lt'will be also understood that a multiple 'cylmder gas engine or a steam turbine, or similar device,

may be mounted and operated in the same way. I

Controlling meckanism.

In Figs. 13 and l i T have shown one form of mechanism for controlling the relation of the supporting members to the The rods, 47', connect with the same The pin, 18, supports a universal oint block, 49, which has a bearing, 50, at right angles to the bearing 48. This block 49. is free to turn around the said pin, 48, and it is provided with a gear" sector, 51., A

pinion, 52, is mounted on a shaft, 53,which is supported in the rods 47., Hence, by

1 turning the shaft 53, the angle of the block with relation to the rods, 47, is controlled.

The lower bearing, 50, of 'the said block. supports a link, 54:. A worm wheelsector,- 55, is attached to said block, 49, and it is operated by a worm, 56, which is mounted in the link, 54, on a shaft 57. Hence, by turning the shaft, 57, the angular relation of the block with regard'to the link, 54, is controlled. The links, 54, have a bearing pin, 58,- at their lower end, and the car is suspended from said pin 58. The rod, e6,

has a bearing-on a cross-bar, 59, and. is

provided with a worm wheel, 60,, and OPLGI.

ated by a'shaft and worm, 61. Hence by turning the shaft 61, the nut 45 of, the. [feathering device will be operated. shaft 46 is secured to the hut 45 and'in the form shown in Fig. 11 is [madeintegralv The therewith. It will thus be seem-by reference to Figs. 11 and 13, that the nut 45 and r the wheel 60 will move together. 'T he wheel 60. is made to'rotate with the shaft l6 by any suitable means, such as a sliding key connection. These three shafts, 53, 57 and 61, are connected by suitable flexible driving mechanism with the pilot house of the airship, and by the manipulation of these shafts the feathering-of the, blades can be,

controlled by shaft 161; the forward pitch of the aeroplanes can be controlled by the shaft 57 and the sidewise inclination of the axis of the aeroplane with regard to the airship can be controlled by shaft 53' for the purpose hereinbefore pointed 10bit..

It is very important in an airship that there. should be some means of controlling .itsbalancein spite of any efi'ort of. tipping or plunging, for if a .car and'its propelling mechanism all tip together the pulling-effort might cause disaster. The lines of 'eifort should therefore be corrtrolledby some member that will retain its position in regard to the verticalline. A weight suspended from a support will give a vertical line. luse weasel plane to tip further will result in increasedspeed until a point of stability is reached where the speed of the car just balances the pull of the propeller.- Since the weight of the car is supported on the pin, 58, the movement of the carin pitching will not be communicatedfto the links, 5i. These links will' therefore stand in a vertical position under the supporting-pin, 50.

trolled by .its angular relation to the links, 54, and since'the links 54: do not change, the forward angle will also remain fixed and the danger of the car diving will be avoided; that'is to say, when the'fo'rward angle is once fixed, the pull forward will continue uniform and the change of level of the car will not efi'ect this angle; therefore, the impelling force will be constant. Since the area of the surface of the car is very smallcompared with the, area o f the surfaces of buoyancy, the position of the car will have little effect in sustaining its weight.- Nevertheless, for the comfort of the passengers it is important to keep the car in a level position, and for the sake of reducing air resistance to motion it is neces- The advantage ofthis construction is that i the forward inclination of the axis is con-- .sary that the car should travel in the axial line of the car. I

ll may use any desired way to balance the car by shifting weights, or otherwise, but I prefer to accomplish this result by shifting the point of support of the car forward or backward until the desired level is reached. One way of accomplishing this is shown in Figs. 13 and 14, wherein a link, 62, is-attached to the car by apin 63, and the 11pper end of the said link is secured to the pin 58; .By moving the link, 62, forward or backward, the point of support of the car, 58, will be carried forward or backwardwith relation to the center of gravity of the car.

When the desired balance of the car is once secured, the position of the car can be maintained by a vertical rudder, 64, in

the usual manner.;.;

I or falling of the 0m. When the'car is in full flight, the power required will depelrd on whether the car is ascending or descending or running on a level course. Increasing the pitch of the blades willrequire the engine to increase its spoWer to the amount required to lift the N car at the speed determined. If, on the plane when'it descends.

It will thus be seen that when the car has reached a high altitude it may be caused. to

. glide over a long distance with little or. no

power, and even the motive power were out of order, the car could be brought to a landing'place and italsofollows that the power originally expended in lifting thecar. may thus be utilized in impelling it in the same'manner as an ordinary aeroplane upon the downward motion.

It will be understood that there are many ways of controlling the various features of operation hereinbefore described, and that the pilot may regulate them by hand in any order that may be desired but it is desirable that there should be some automatic means for controlling the speed of rotation of the aeroplanes, in order that they will never stop revolving when the ship is once in flight, however the available power may vary. Since we have seen that the pitch of the blades may beutilized to control the amount of power expended, I may make use of this featureto control the speed of rotation of iii) each aeroplane by use of a suitable speed governor; that is to say, by varying the angle of pitch the resistance to rotation will be varied to maintain a constant speed of rotation.

While I may use any form of speed gover-. nor, I may utilize the centrifugal force of the revolving blades for this purpose. I do not, however, confine my invention to any particular form of governing device.

Among the advantages of the method of control above described, may be mentioned that thetension members in the aeroplane are insured against undue strain because as soon the strain-reachesagvenemountjit automatically acts to prevent further increase of rotation, and thus prevents the parts from breaking. 7

Another feature is that the desired speed of rotation is maintained, even if the power cal surfaces. It will be seen that if-the two bearing rings, 65. and 66, .be subjected to end pressure, theballs will tend to roll down the inclined surface and thus .cause the said parts to rotate with respect to each other. When these parts are placed in the swivels, as shown in igs. 15 and 18, and the swivels are subjected to centrifugal force, the said swivels will be rotated by an amount of torque proportional to'the pitch of the surfaces. ing collar, 67, by the links, 36;. a spring, 68,; is supported by a collar, 69, and said spring tends to incline the blades downward. This tendency of the springs is resisted by the The swivels are connected to a sli'dcentrifugal force is great. enough to over-- come the resistance of the springs, the blades will revolve so as to pitch upward. As before described, the increasing of the pitch also increases the resistance'to rotation of the aeroplane and prevents further. increase of speed of the revolving blades. The collar, 69, may be secured by a key, 34, to the sliding shaft, shown in Figs. 4: and 11, so. thatthe tension of the spring and speed of the aeroplane can be controlled by the oper- 1 ator.

Each of the, aeroplanes may be provided with the same form of device and it therefore results that-the two revolving aeroplanes will each travel at a given'speed, and will exactly balance each other.

I provide the car with a rudder having blades-like the feathers of an arrow and mount it in a bearing so that it maybe moved up or down or sidewise by the steersman. lVhen the car is in rapid motion, this rudder may be placed axially and the car will then travel through the air like an arrow. In this condition, the level of the car will indicate whether it is rising or falling and a suitable indicator will show this to the" set forth. The ruddenmay.alsobeusedto H I to be understood as diagrammatic. The mptors for a flyingmachine will be (IQS IgQE-QAKT is stopped and thahthelnidi llfijv llggnginljletail"and will form the subj ect matter of in flightw'h'ether the power expended is (V darg e or small. The operator may therefore give his attention. to other matters.

I will now describe one form of mechanism by which this result may besecured.

I Referring to Fig. 15, which shows a swivel of the form previously described and mounted on the shaft as before described.

Figs; 16 and 17, show details of the thrust l bearing; The ball races are in the form of a threaded screw having three threads or heliother applications for patents, the exact details of wh ch are not the. subject of my present inventlon.

lid

its

In Fig. 19 the secondary motor, 40, is electrically connected to a switchboard, 70. I have shown four primary motors, 71,- 72, 7 3,

- and 7 1, preferably high speed iZIIIbO-gBIlGIZk tors, each having leads connecting with the said switchboard, so that any one or all of them may be used to drive the secondary motor. An equivalent form of power' plant Y of improvement that I claim as my invention.

- 1. In a flying machine, the combination with revolving supporting planes and a body suspended therefrom, of means for inclining the axis of the'pla'nes in the direction of flight to control the speed of the machine,

and independently controlled means for in clining said'axis transversely of the direction of flight to guide the machine.

1 .2. In a flying machine, the combination with a body, of a supporting mechanism in cluding rapidly revolving planes arranged vertically above the body, and speed controlled means for directly and automatically increasing the pitch of the planes in correspondence with increase in the speed of rotation and decreasing the pitch of the planes in correspondence with decrease in the speed of rotation.

3. A supporting mechanism for a flying machine, which includes rapidly revolving planes vertically above the suspended body and speed controlled means for automatically changing the pitch of the planes directly by and in accordance with the speed of rotation whereby the pitch will here versed at a predetermined speed. 4:. In a flying machine, the combination with a body, of a supporting mechanism including rapidly revolving planes arranged verticallya'bove the body and so constructed that the pitch thereof will not be affected by change in thelongitudinal relation thereof to the axis of rotation, and means for automatically causing a change in the pitch of the planes in correspondence with variation in the speed. of rotation, said pitch being reversed when the speed falls to a predetermined minimum.

5. In a flying machine, the combination with revolving planes above the body of said machine for,sup-porting'the same, a

; motor for revolving said planes, and means for automatically so varying the pitch of said planes independently of their longitudinal position with fiaferegce to the axis of rotation as to maintain a substantially uniform speed of rotation.

6. In. a flying machine, the combination with revolving planes above the bodypfsairl machine for supporting the same, a motorv for revolving said planes, and means for automatically so varyin the pitch of said planes independently of their longitudinal lanai r I air against the under surface of the planes.

8. In a flying machine, the combination with a drive shaft of a plane adapted to be rotated thereby, a swivel connected to said shaft to rotate therewith, tension members connecting separated points of said swivel with separated points. of saidplane, and means for turning said swivel to vary the pitch of said plane.

v9. In a flying machine, the combination with a drive shaft of a plane adapted to be rotated thereby, a swivel carried by said drive shaft, tension members connecting said plane with said swivel, and means controlled. by the speed of the drive shaft for turning said swivel so .as to vary the pitch of said plane. 4

p 10. A supporting mechanism 'f or a flying machine which consistsin weighted planes revolving at high velocity, tie-rodssecur- *ing said planes toswivels mounted on a central support, and means for turning said swivels,'to vary the pitch of said blades.

111'. Supporting mechanism for a flying machine which consists in two systems of rotating blades arranged vertically over each other and rotating in. opposite directions, and automatically acting means for simultaneously increasing the pitch of said blades as the speed increases and decreasing the pitch as the speed decreases without altering the longitudingpositieno e bladeseon the axisf 12. Supporting mechanism for a flying machine which consists in two systems of rotating blades arranged vertically over each other and rotating in opposite directions, and means for simultaneously andantematb cally increasing and decreasing the pitch of said blades in accordance with the increase or decrease speed without altering the longitudinal position of tlfibladesnon the axis.

13. In a flying machine, the combination with a drive shaft, of a plane adapted to be rotated by the shaft, speed controlled ll'lQtlllz; for directly and automatically varying the pitch of the plane in accordance with the speed, and auxiliary means under the control of the operator for varying the pitch of the plane.

. i 14. In a flying machine, the combination with revolving planes above the body of said machine for supporting the same, of means for controlling the pitch of said int ' planes by the centrifugal force, of: said lanes independently of their position longitu'dinally of the axis of rotation.'

I In a flying machine, the combination 5 with revolving plahes above the body of said' machine for supporting the same, of means operated by the centrifugal force of said planes for' increasi-ng the pitch as the speed increases independently of their position i longitudinally of the axis of'rotation.

16. In a flying machine, the combination with revolving planes above the body of said machine for supportinglth'e same, and

chine Which' includes two rapidly revolving propellers turning in opposite directions above the suspended body, and means directly controlledby the speed of rotation 7 "alone for automatically reversing the pitch of the planes of-each propeller. 18. A supporting mechanism fora flying I .machine which includes two' rapidly revolyf ingpropellers revolvingin opposite direc-..

tions vertically above thesuspended body, and separatemeans f0r=each propellerdirectly controlled by the speed of its'own p p0pelle1ff01' caus ng anincrease in the pitch V the motor.

oi the planes of the propeller'in correspond- GIlO-Wlth an increase in the speed of rotation and a decrease in the pitch of the 5' the speed of rotation. t v 19. In a flying machine, the combination of a car or body,'propellers, a'motor', and

planes in orrespond'enc'e with a decrease in means for automatically balancing the power 40 of the motor by altering the pitch of the blades of the propellers, independently of their position longitudinally of the shaft,

. for the purpose described. I

20. In a flying machine, the combination 5 of a car, or body", two propellers arranged vertically above the body and) adapted to 'revolvp in opposite directions, 'a motor,

and means for maintaining a constant'speed of rotation of t e propellers including de- 53 vices for automatically varying the pitch of the propeller blades independently of their position longitudinally of the shaft in accordance with variation in the speed of 1 In testimony whereof I have hereunto signed myname in the presence of two subscribing Witnesses, this 17th day of Novenn oer, A. D. 1910. l

LEWIS H LLooK NASH.

Witnesses: T r

'JosfiPH R. GARLA D, MARION 'H. NASH. 

